Tangential C-Axis Tangent-to-Path Control in CNC Cutting Systems
Tangential C-Axis and Its Industrial Applications Written by: Nima Rad, Content Specialist – Radonix What Is a Tangential C-Axis? In standard CNC axis nomenclature, the C-axis is a rotary axis around the Z-axis, meaning rotation of the tool or spindle about the vertical direction. When we refer to a Tangential C-Axis (Tangential Knife Axis), we […]
Servo Motor Gain in CNC Systems: Theory, Risks, and Practical Tuning
What Servo Motor Gain Really Means in Control Loops Written by: Mehdi Hassanzadeh, Content Specialist – Radonix In servo drive systems, multiple nested control loops operate simultaneously: the current (torque) loop, the velocity loop, and the position loop. What is commonly labeled as Gain in servo settings represents the responsiveness of each control loop—how aggressively […]
Wire Diameter Calculation in Control Panels
Wire Diameter Calculation in Electrical Control Panels Written by: Nima Rad, Content Specialist – Radonix In electrical control panel design, what is commonly referred to as “wire diameter” must first be translated into conductor cross‑sectional area (mm²). Current‑carrying capacity, voltage drop, and short‑circuit withstand are all functions of cross‑section, not visual thickness. Only after selecting […]
History of CNC Controllers: From NC to Digital-Native Platforms
What a CNC Controller Is and Why Its History Matters Written by: Mehdi Hasanzadeh, Content Specialist – Radonix In technical terminology, a CNC controller is the brain of a machine tool. It is the system that reads the part program, performs toolpath interpolation, closes servo control loops (current, velocity, and position), executes PLC logic, and […]
Control Panel Layout: Practical Zoning, EMC, and Thermal Rules
Principles of Electrical Control Panel Layout for Components Written by: Nima Rad, Content Specialist – Radonix Standard Framework and Design Objectives In industrial electrical control panels—whether for CNC machines, automation lines, pump stations, or packaging systems—component layout is never a matter of aesthetics or personal preference. Layout decisions have a direct and measurable impact on […]
G Code CNC Programming: Structure, Commands, and Industrial Pitfalls
Understanding G-Code in CNC Machining Author: Mehdi Hasanzade In CNC machining, G-code (Geometric Code) is the core programming language used to control machine tool behavior. It instructs the controller where to move (X/Y/Z and rotational axes), how to move (linear or circular interpolation), at what speed (feed rate and spindle speed), and which auxiliary actions […]
Automatic Tool Changer: Types, Operation, and Selection in CNC Machines
Automatic Tool Changer in CNC Author: Nima Rad In modern CNC machining, an Automatic Tool Changer (ATC) is a coordinated mechanical and control system that enables a machine to automatically replace cutting tools without operator intervention. Tools such as drills, end mills, taps, reamers, and face mills are stored in a tool magazine, transferred to […]
CNC Lubrication: Why Continuous Lubrication Is Non-Negotiable
Why Continuous CNC Lubrication Is Critical Author: Mehdi Hasanzade CNC lubrication is not a routine maintenance task; it is a core operating condition that directly affects accuracy, surface finish, thermal stability, and the service life of high‑value machine components. In CNC machines, motion systems operate under repeating loads, fine positioning requirements, and often contaminated environments. […]
Linear Guide Rail Selection: How to Choose the Right Rail for CNC Machines
Linear Guide Rail Selection and Types Author: Nima Rad Why Linear Guide Rails and Carriages Are Critical A linear guide rail is a core structural element in CNC machines and precision motion systems. Its role goes far beyond enabling linear movement. The selection of the guide rail directly determines how accurately the machine positions, how […]
Electrical Control Panel Protection: Key Protective Elements Explained
Protective Elements in Electrical Control Panels Author: Nima Rad Electrical control panels are the backbone of industrial automation, machinery, and CNC systems. A reliable panel is not defined only by neat wiring or correct component sizing; it is defined by how well it detects faults, limits damage, and protects people. That protection is achieved through […]